Which of the following contributes to the administrative overhead of using Kerberos?

The correct choice highlights the significant administrative overhead associated with the initial setup and ongoing management of Kerberos. Implementing Kerberos as an authentication protocol involves several complex steps, including configuring the Key Distribution Center (KDC), establishing trust relationships between entities, and managing service principals and tickets. Additionally, maintaining a Kerberos environment requires ongoing tasks such as updating encryption keys, monitoring for security incidents, and ensuring that all systems remain synchronized with time to prevent authentication issues.

Administrative overhead can also encompass the regular maintenance of user accounts and ticket-granting processes, which necessitates a level of expertise in both the Kerberos protocol itself and the underlying network architecture. Consequently, this choice accurately captures one of the core challenges when implementing Kerberos in an organization, as it requires diligent oversight to ensure a secure and efficient operating environment.