Which access control is commonly utilized by firewalls?

Rule-Based Access Control is commonly utilized by firewalls because firewalls operate primarily by applying a set of predefined rules to determine what traffic is allowed to enter or exit a network. These rules dictate the conditions under which traffic is permitted, such as IP addresses, protocols, ports, and more. When a packet of data attempts to pass through the firewall, it is compared against these rules. If the traffic meets the criteria laid out in the rules, it is allowed; if not, it is blocked. This method allows for a structured and systematic way of managing network traffic, enhancing security by ensuring only authorized traffic can access specific resources.

In contrast, Discretionary Access Control involves granting users the ability to control access to their own resources, which is less relevant to the strict filtering mechanisms of firewalls. Mandatory Access Control enforces security policies uniformly without user discretion, focusing more on the classification of information rather than on network traffic management. Role-Based Access Control assigns permissions based on user roles within an organization, which is typically more relevant to system access rather than the specific packet filtering that firewalls perform. Thus, Rule-Based Access Control aligns closely with the functions and objectives of firewalls in managing network traffic.