What type of attack can be mitigated by using a trusted path?

The concept of a trusted path is essential in ensuring the authenticity of interactions with a security-critical system. A trusted path establishes a secure communication channel that helps users confirm that they are interacting with the legitimate software or system, rather than a malicious imitative version.

In the context of login spoofing, a trusted path acts by assuring the user that their login actions (such as entering credentials) are directed to a genuine application rather than a fraudulent interface created by an attacker. This is critical in preventing login spoofing attacks, where users might unknowingly provide their credentials to a fake login screen that is designed to capture this sensitive information. By using a trusted path, the user can be confident that they are communicating securely with the authentic service, effectively mitigating the risk of login spoofing.

For the other types of attacks mentioned, while they are significant threats, they do not directly relate to the concept of a trusted path. Denial of Service focuses more on availability and disrupting service rather than identity verification. Man-in-the-middle attacks involve interception and manipulation of communications but overcoming such threats typically requires encryption and secure communication protocols rather than just a trusted path. Similarly, password guessing is usually countered through strong password policies and account lockout mechanisms, rather than directly addressing the