What principle ensures that users are only granted access to information necessary for their tasks?

The principle that ensures users are only granted access to information necessary for their tasks is known as the "need to know." This principle is fundamental in information security and serves to limit access to sensitive information based on the user's specific role, tasks, or responsibilities within an organization. By ensuring that individuals have access only to the information necessary for their duties, the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive data is minimized, thus enhancing the overall security posture of the organization.

This principle directly correlates to the concept of least privilege, which governs that users should have the minimum levels of access necessary to perform their job functions. It requires critical evaluation of why access is needed and reinforces accountability, as users can be held responsible for the information they can access.

The other options, while relevant to access control, do not inherently emphasize the need-based access requirement. For instance, access control lists manage permissions for specific resources but do not inherently limit access based on user necessity. Role-based access assigns permissions based on assigned roles yet does not explicitly address the necessity of access. Full access implies unrestricted access, which contradicts the risk management philosophy behind limiting access based on the need to know.