What is a Type 2 authentication factor?

A Type 2 authentication factor is defined as "something you have." This refers to a physical object or device that an individual possesses and that is required for authentication to access a system or resource. Common examples of this type of factor include smart cards, security tokens, and mobile devices that receive authentication codes.

In the context of multifactor authentication (MFA), including Type 2 provides an additional layer of security beyond just a password or knowledge-based factor. It ensures that even if someone is able to gain access to a user's password (the "something you know"), they would also need to possess the actual physical item to successfully authenticate and gain access to a system, making it harder for unauthorized users to breach security.

This form of authentication is crucial because it significantly decreases the risk of identity theft and unauthorized access, ensuring that the person attempting access is indeed the legitimate owner of that factor.