Fingerprints consist of which of the following features?

Fingerprints are unique patterns formed by the friction ridges on the pads of fingers and thumbs. The key features that define fingerprints are ridge endings and bifurcations. Ridge endings refer to the points where a ridge terminates, while bifurcations are points where a ridge splits into two. These characteristics create distinct patterns that can be analyzed and compared for identification purposes.

The uniqueness of each individual's fingerprints is why they are commonly used in biometrics for identity verification and forensic identification. Analyzing these features allows forensic experts to determine identity based on the intricate details and variations found in the prints.

Other options do not pertain to the characteristics of fingerprints. Retina patterns and color variations are related to the analysis of the eye, while bone structures and facial features pertain to physical anatomy used in different forms of identification. Hand dimensions and shapes may refer to overall hand characteristics but do not deal with the specific, detailed features of fingerprints that are essential for accurate identification.